Colonization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Colonization - Essay Example Though this process may or may not victimize indigenous populations, history often times demonstrates otherwise, as we shall see later in this essay. In ancient times, during the bonze age, maritime nations, such as the city-states of Greece, often established colonies. "Eventually Hellas spread over an enormous area, including the Black Sea littoral to the east, the coastal areas of Asia Minor, the Aegean Islands, Greece proper, southern Italy and most of Sicily, and continuing west on both shores of the Mediterranean to Cyrene in Libya and to Marseilles and a few Spanish coastal sites" (Finley 1963). These colonizations appear to have been an effort to acquire more living space emphasising the farming of uninhabited or sparsely habited land. Land suitable for farming during ancient and classical periods was often claimed by migratory barbarian tribes whose livlihood was met by hunting and gathering. "The Roman Empire was another great colonization of ancient times. The Roman Empire conquered a large part of Western Europe, North Afraica and West Asia. Though in North Africa and west Asia they were often conquering civilized peoples, as they moved north into Europe they often encountered little more than rural tribes with very little in the way of cities. In these areas, waves of Roman colonization often followed the conquest of the area. Roman Empire, political system established by Rome that lasted for nearly five centuries. Historians usually date the beginning of the Roman Empire from 27 BC when the Roman Senate gave Gaius Octavius the name Augustus and he became the undisputed emperor after years of bitter civil war. At it peak, the empire included lands throughout the Mediterranean world. Rome had first expanded into other parts of Italy and neighboring territories during the Roman Republic (509-27 BC), but made wider conquests and solidified political control of these lan ds during the empire. The empire lasted until Germanic invasions, economic decline, and internal unrest in the 4th and 5th centuries AD ended Rome's ability to dominate such a huge territory. The Romans and their empire gave cultural and political shape to the subsequent history of Europe from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance to the present day" (Encyclopedia Encarta). III. Dark and Middle Ages During the middle ages, current great cities of Europe in Spain, Germany, and France began as Roman colonies. Cities such as the German city of Cologne was one example and London was another which the Romans called Londinium. As the decline and collapse of the Roman Empire progressed, noting that it was not an overnight collapse, the movement of large-scale migration of people in Eastern Europe and Asia, often cealled barbarians, thrust their way into southern and western Europe causing the Roman Empire to slowly lose its entrenched holds of peoples in those areas. The Dark Ages also saw huge migrations of tribal peoples consolidating new colonies all over Western Europe, thus contributing to the development of many modern day nations of Europe. The Huns colonized Hungary, the Franks in France and Germany and the Anglo-Saxons in England. During this period, another great colonizing people were the Vikings of Scandinavia. The Vikings were fierce conquerors and set out to pillage and terriorize the coastlines of Northern Europe, especially the

Ralph Lauren Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ralph Lauren Case Study - Essay Example In the same way, there are several ways that the value of a brand can be exploited for the beneficial purpose of the organisation (Keller, 2005). For Ralph Lauren, brand image is highly significant. Ralph Lauren sold his tie line at higher prices than that of market prices with the assumption that customers have greater preference for the product which is rendered at higher prices. It is because according to Ralph Lauren customers perceived that higher price refers to better quality. He diversified his business through own retail store to attract younger generation as well as baby boomers that can help the brand to catch the attention of the customers. Furthermore, Ralph Lauren diversified its business from menswear to womenswear in the year 1971. In the year 1972, the Polo brand was introduced in 24 colours with the tagline â€Å"Every team has its colours, Polo has 24†. This innovative promotional strategy facilitated to fabricate the brand equity for Polo. Ralph Lauren conc entrated on sportswear and trendy fashion wears. He is believed to be the pioneer of ‘lifestyle merchandising branding’. He promoted his brand ‘Polo’ very strategically. By 1980, he set up seven new stores across the markets. His brand was promoted through Hollywood movie ‘The Great Gatsby’ and the costume designer was awarded Oscar for costumes. The above mentioned issue helped the brand to be recognised throughout the world. He considered the social as well as the cultural factors to enhance brand awareness in the American market (Hancock, 2009). Accordingly, in 1978, he introduced fragrances for both men and women. The aromas of the fragrances were apparently distinct and customers would prefer to be familiar with, even if they were not concerned about the clothing line developed by Ralph Lauren. Ralph Lauren made an advertisement campaign with the assistance of Weber (photographer) with an eye-catching tagline â€Å"Rough wear-it was made to be worn†, in the year of 1979, that had a strong impact on brand advertising in those days. In 1981, Ralph Lauren launched a new brand namely Santa Fe collection which facilitated the romanticism of American fantasies with cowboy outfits. In the same year, Ralph Lauren executed its own boutique in London and he became the first American designer in the European market (Hancock, 2009). Next, Ralph Lauren diversified his business towards furnishings with the tagline of â€Å"How Tradition Begins†. Each product under this segment has its own image in customers’ mind. In the year 1986, he emphasised on a flagship store in New York which can define his brands within one corporate entity. The key factors of success for Ralph Lauren are innovative ideas with the combination of networking which creates public awareness and a specific vision about the brand. 2. Evaluation of the Role of Brand Association in the Company’s Success Brand association is related with the customers’ outlook connected with brand and it reflects the strategic position of the brand. Associations can provide to summarise a set of facts and specifications that would be complex for the customer to access and high-priced for the company to correspond. Brand association can facilitate to generate brand awareness in customers’ mind. A differentiating brand association is capable to assist the organisation to obtain competitive advantage. For instance, Ralph Lauren is synonymous with higher price